Urinary Tract Infection (
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Shelly, a 4-year-old child mentioned in this case study is primarily been diagnosed with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). Apart from fever and other visible signs such as frequent and painful urination, the other assessment data that are required for the diagnosis of UTI is the positive urinalysis, and the urine culture tests. Urinalysis is performed to identify the presence of blood cells, bacterial cells or pus cells in the urine whereas the urine culture tests are performed in order to identify the presence of the causative organism of UTI in the urine sample (Patel, Soni, Bhagyalaxmi, & Patel, 2019).
The most predominant causative organism responsible for the cause of UTI is the Gram-negative anaerobic Escherichia coli. The other bacterial organisms causing UTI are Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, and Staphylococcus species. Apart from these bacterial species, certain fungal organisms are also responsible for the cause of UTI (Patel et al., 2019). Considering the safety concerns to avoid adverse drug conditions when prescribing for children, the pharmacological treatment recommended for Shelly is the oral intake of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra). The recommended dose for Shelly is 40 mg/kg sulfamethoxazole and 8 mg/kg trimethoprim per 24 hours, given in two divided doses every 12 hours for 10 days (Lashkar & Nahata, 2018). This initial antimicrobial drug is considered to be safe and effective for young children as a long-term prophylactic drug therapy against the UTI (Lashkar & Nahata, 2018).
