After reading Chapter 14 and reviewing the class resources, discuss some effective treatments (besides pharmacological interventions) for the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia as well as other severe mental disorders?
Review Topic 3 outline feedback and consider this feedback in the development of your rough draft.
In 1,200-1,500 words, address the following:
Use the school Library databases and include four to six scholarly sources from the school Library to support your claims. In addition to the scholarly resources from the library, you can include classroom resources, such as the textbook.
explain how you might mitigate or resist the deleterious impact of social comparison as discussed. Support your response with references to social psychology theory and research.
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Arson, et al. (2019), define self-concept as who a person believes that they are based on their personal attributes. We live in a world now where everything is instantly and/or easily available. This is both a blessing a curse. We have easier access to information and convenience, but we also have instant access to other people’s lives. The bad part about that is that on social media wea re only seeing someone’s best self. So, we are now not only comparing ourselves to celebrities, but we are not also comparing ourselves to the “perfect” ideal parent or spouse or person that is portrayed online. We compare ourselves to these images and snippets of someone’s life that they decided to share, and that impacts how we see ourselves. Now, we are comparing person A to ourselves and feeling bad that we have not achieved what they have or we did not lose as much weight as they did. Comparison is unhealthy and it leads to false self-concepts that can really harm a person both physical and mentally. Riyanto and Zhang (2016) stated that there is a lot of research in social psychology that we develop our self-concept based on what we think others’ think of us. Therefore, if we are comparing ourselves to the model that everyone thinks is gorgeous and that is not how we look, then we assume that others think we are not attractive. There is a big influence on our self-concept that is contingent on where we are from. The textbook gives us the example of the Crown Princess Japan who made the decision to follow tradition and give up her independence instead of modernizing things and chasing her own career. (Aronson, et al., 2019) People had varying views on this topic, but many believed that her choice to marry the prince was based on how she saw herself. It seems to me that she may have seen herself as a more traditional person who wanted to revolve her life around family and honoring her husband and others in that way.
explain how you might mitigate or resist the deleterious impact of social comparison as discussed. Support your response with references to social psychology theory and research.
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People compare themselves to others for a variety of reasons, such as aspirations for excellence or increasing self-esteem. The former is called upward social comparison, where people look at those who are regarded as better for inspiration (Aronson et al., 2019). The latter, known as downward social comparison, is when people compare themselves with others who might be less fortunate (Aronson et al., 2019). This comparison can increase self-esteem and self-confidence (Aronson et al., 2019).
Unfortunately, when a person is trying to feel better, idealized images may negatively impact the goal of higher self-esteem. It creates an unachievable standard of perfection, resulting in a more critical self-concept (Laker & Waller, 2021). However, downward comparison does not necessarily create a more positive self-concept (Laker & Waller, 2021). In fact, one study found that both upward and downward comparisons were correlated with higher levels of anxiety (Laker & Waller, 2021). That study had primarily Caucasian participants but did have other races, implying that the impact is similar across cultures (Laker & Waller, 2021). It seems that the impact would primarily rely on the importance of physical appearance in one’s culture and what media images feature regarding the idealization of attractiveness
The steps at the heart of single-system (subject) research are part of the everyday practice of social work. Each day social workers implement interventions to meet clients’ needs and monitor results. However, conducting proper single-system (subject) research entails far more than these simple day-to-day practices. Proper single-system research requires a high degree of knowledge and commitment. Social workers must fully understand the purpose of single-system (subject) research and the variations of single-system (subject) design. They must develop a hypothesis based upon research and select the right design for testing it. They must ensure the reliability and validity of the data to be collected and know how to properly analyze and evaluate that data. This assignment asks you to rise to the challenge of creating a proposal for a single-subject research study.
To prepare for this Assignment, imagine that you are the social worker assigned to work with Paula Cortez (see the case study, “Social Work Research: Single Subject” in this week’s resources). After an initial assessment of her social, medical, and psychiatric problems, you develop a plan for intervention. You also develop a plan to monitor progress in your work with her using measures that can be evaluated in a single-system research design. As a scholar practitioner, you rely on research to help plan your intervention and your evaluation plan.
Complete the Cortez Family interactive media in this week’s resources. Conduct a literature search related to the chronic issues related to HIV/AIDS and bipolar mental disorder. Search for additional research related to assessing outcomes and theoretical frameworks appropriate for this client. For example, your search could include terms such as motivational interviewing and outcomes and goal-oriented practice and outcomes. You might also look at the NREPP database identified in Week 1, to search for interventions related to mental health and physical health.
a 5- to 7-page proposal/research plan for single-system (subject) evaluation for your work with Paula Cortez. Identify the problems that you will target and the outcomes you will measure, select an appropriate intervention or interventions (including length of time), and identify an appropriate evaluation plan.
Include a description of:
· The problem(s) that are the focus of treatment
· The intervention approach, including length of time, so that it can be replicated
· A summary of the literature that you reviewed that led you to select this intervention approach
· The purpose for conducting a single-system (subject) research evaluation
· The measures for evaluating the outcomes and observing change including:
· Evidence from your literature search about the nature of the measures
· The validity and reliability of the measures
· How baseline measures will be obtained
· How often follow-up measures will be administered
· The criteria that you would use to determine whether the intervention is effective
· How the periodic measurements could assist you in your ongoing work with Paula
Contemporary advice to parents:
Memory Reconstruction and False Memories
Research indicates that our memories may be more feasible than we would like to imagine.
Memory research on healthy adults suggests that memories are not stored as videotapes or exact
copies of the past, but instead depend on constructive processes that are sometimes prone to
distortion. In the last 10-20 years, there has been much controversy surrounding recovered or
repressed memories. Some psychologists accept the idea that memories of traumatic events can
be repressed or “pushed into unconsciousness,” and that these memories can resurface at a later
date. However others are more skeptical about recovered memory claims, stating that false
memories can be implanted, either intentionally or unintentionally. Elizabeth Loftus is a highly
respected scientist who has written extensively on this latter view.
Read the Web sites listed below (and any additional ones you find), and then write an essay of at
least 800 words. Your essay should include pertinent topics, such as those listed below.
● What is False Memory Syndrome and how are false memories generated (according to
skeptics)?
● What is Recovered Memory Therapy (RMT)?
● What is the evidence that would make one be skeptical of “recovered memories?”
● What implications might the research on memory reconstruction have for the credibility
of “repressed” memories (e.g. of sexual/physical abuse in childhood) that are uncovered
in psychotherapy?
● Does this credibility of repressed memories have any relationship to the type of questions
or statements posed to the client/patient by the therapist? Explain.
● Lastly, be sure to include your opinion on the issue (with support, of course) of whether
recovered memories are likely to be false or genuine, and how you can tell in any given
case.
● If a repressed memory is simply a reconstructed (or false) memory that a person firmly
believes is true, how can you explain how this reconstructed memory was created?
LINKS PROVIDED:
Information on a famous false memory case:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/dna/
Memory Reconstruction and False Memories
Research indicates that our memories may be more feasible than we would like to imagine.
Memory research on healthy adults suggests that memories are not stored as videotapes or exact
copies of the past, but instead depend on constructive processes that are sometimes prone to
distortion. In the last 10-20 years, there has been much controversy surrounding recovered or
repressed memories. Some psychologists accept the idea that memories of traumatic events can
be repressed or “pushed into unconsciousness,” and that these memories can resurface at a later
date. However others are more skeptical about recovered memory claims, stating that false
memories can be implanted, either intentionally or unintentionally. Elizabeth Loftus is a highly
respected scientist who has written extensively on this latter view.
Read the Web sites listed below (and any additional ones you find), and then write an essay of at
least 800 words. Your essay should include pertinent topics, such as those listed below.
● What is False Memory Syndrome and how are false memories generated (according to
skeptics)?
● What is Recovered Memory Therapy (RMT)?
● What is the evidence that would make one be skeptical of “recovered memories?”
● What implications might the research on memory reconstruction have for the credibility
of “repressed” memories (e.g. of sexual/physical abuse in childhood) that are uncovered
in psychotherapy?
● Does this credibility of repressed memories have any relationship to the type of questions
or statements posed to the client/patient by the therapist? Explain.
● Lastly, be sure to include your opinion on the issue (with support, of course) of whether
recovered memories are likely to be false or genuine, and how you can tell in any given
case.
● If a repressed memory is simply a reconstructed (or false) memory that a person firmly
believes is true, how can you explain how this reconstructed memory was created?
LINKS PROVIDED:
Information on a famous false memory case:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/dna/
Links and information about false memory: http://socialecology.uci.edu/faculty/eloftus/
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