produced by a plant or animal
Question 1
In environmental health, the term toxin refers to a toxic substance that _______________.
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is naturally produced by a plant or animal
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occurs in the occupational setting
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results from human activity
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a man-made product introduced into the environment due to human activity
1 points
Question 2
In toxicity testing in rodents, the LD50 is a dose that is _______________.
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acutely fatal to 50 percent of test animals
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fatal to 50 percent of test animals within a 90-day period
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fatal to 50 percent of test animals after lifetime bioaccumulation
1 points
Question 3
Which of the following is not characteristic of a health impact assessment?
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It evaluates a site or activity as it is, rather than looking forward in time
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It includes social and economic factors in the assessment
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It incorporates input from community members
1 points
Question 4
An exposure pathway connects _______________ to _______________.
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an exposure / a change in tissue structure or function
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inhalation / absorption
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the environmental source of a contaminant / the point of exposure
1 points
Question 5
The three major routes of human exposure to environmental contaminants are _______________.
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by air, water, and soil
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environmental, occupational, and residential
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ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact
1 points
Question 6
The phrase contact with the human envelope is a common definition of _______________.
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absorption
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disposition
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exposure
1 points
Question 7
The quantity of a toxicant (or its breakdown product) that is available to interact with some vulnerable tissue in the body is called the _______________.
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absorbed dose
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biologically effective dose
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body burden
1 points
Question 8
The body burden of a chemical in the body reflects the net effect of _______________.
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absorption and biological effectiveness
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synergism and antagonism
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the processes of toxicokinetics
1 points
Question 9
Bioaccumulation is the _______________.
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gradual building up of a chemical in the tissue of an organism
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increase of concentrations of a chemical at higher levels of a food pyramid
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movement of a chemical from water to living tissue
1 points
Question 10
Which of the following is an example of a biomarker?
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Body mass index calculated from measured height and weight
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Concentration of a pesticide in blood
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Inhalation rate in liters per hour
1 points
Question 11
The Ames test is a test of a chemical’s _______________.
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acute lethality, and is conducted in rodents
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mutagenicity, and is conducted in bacteria
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teratogenic potential, and is conducted mammalian cells
1 points
Question 12
Exposure modeling is used to estimate the _______________.
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biologically effective dose of a toxicant
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fate and transport of a toxicant
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ingestion of, inhalation of, or dermal contact with a toxicant
1 points
Question 13
Conceptually, a reference dose is a dose that has no adverse effects in _______________.
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sensitive subpopulations over a long-term exposure
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sensitive subpopulations over a short-term exposure
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the general population over a long-term exposure
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the general population over a short-term exposure
1 points
Question 14
Which of the following is one of the major processes which together make up toxicokinetics?
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Bioconcentration
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Distribution
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Mutation
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Synergism
1 points
Question 15
In doing a risk assessment for a chemical, the usual assumption is that _______________.
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carcinogenicity has a threshold; non-cancer effects do not
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non-cancer effects have a threshold; carcinogenicity does not
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both carcinogenicity and non-cancer effects have thresholds
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neither carcinogenicity nor non-cancer effects has a threshold
1 points
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