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Question 1
The theory of transcultural nursing appeared in the 1950s when Dr. Madeleine M. Leininger noticed cultural differences between her patients and assumed the impact of cultural heritage on illnesses and health. Throughout time, the theory has developed in a separate branch of nursing due to its relevance and topicality in the field. For the most part, Leininger relied on her research in nursing and anthropology to define principles of culturally specific and universal healthcare services. Among the historical trends that contributed to the development of transcultural nursing, one could mention globalization, which resulted in increased immigration, traveling, and more diverse society. All these factors demanded a more culturally sensitive and knowledgeable staff in nursing.
Question 2
A diverse and multicultural patient population in the US makes transcultural nursing of the highest importance today. San (2015) informs that more than one-sixth of the US citizens are foreign-born, which creates challenges in communication and care in health care. Nurses, as well as other healthcare providers, need to be aware of cultural differences in health-related values, beliefs, and customs if they aim at providing quality healthcare services (San, 2015). Immigration, free labor markets, education, traveling, and technological advances are also critical trends that raise the demand for transcultural nursing. All the mentioned contributes to more cultural interactions within the country, and nurses should be culturally competent to avoid misunderstanding, disappointing, or even insulting patients due to limited knowledge about their culture.
