Application and Interpretation of Public Health Data
Application and Interpretation of Public Health Data
I need the following questions answered in 150 words each. Please answer questions as asked with no omissions and please attach references with each question.MODULE 1Q1Statistics is an important component of public health. Explain the relevance of statistics in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of a health promotion intervention. How do you envision using statistics in your current or future career?Q2Describe the difference between quantitative and qualitative methods. Explain how each are used in public health.RESOURCESRead Chapter 1 in Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences.View “The Human Insights Missing From Big Data,” by Wang (2016), located on the TED website.URL: https://www.ted.com/talks/tricia_wang_the_human_insights_missing_from_big_dataRead “Statistics and Public Health at CDC,” by Sieber, Green, and Williamson (2006), located on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.URL:https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su5502a9.htmView “Why You Should Love Statistics,” by Smith (2017), located on the YouTube website.URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ogeGJS0GEF4&feature=youtu.beView the following terms in The Visual Learner: Statistics media.1. Statistics2. Data3. Continuous Data4. Discrete Data5. Interval Level6. Ordinal Data7. Nominal Data8. Population9. Sample10. Parameter11. StatisticURL: http://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/the-visual-learner/the-visual-learner-v2.1.htmlRead “Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Data in Mixed Methods Research – Challenges and Benefits,” by Almalki, from Journal of Education and Learning (2016).URL: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1110464.pdfSPSS Statistics will be used to complete some of the case study assignments for this course. Refer to “Using Citrix Workspace” in the GCU Technical Support Help Center for assistance with installing the Citrix Workspace App and preparing for SPSS files.URL: https://support.gcu.edu/hc/en-us/articles/201144000-Using-Citrix-WorkspaceAfter Citrix has been installed on your computer, you may access SPSS Statistics at https://myapps.gcu.edu.Read “Quantitative and Qualitative Methods for Public Health,” from PH717 Module 1B – Descriptive Tools: Descriptive Epidemiology and Descriptive Statistics, located on the Boston University Medical Campus, School of Public Health website (2019).URL: https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/PH717-QuantCore/PH717-Module1B-DescriptiveStudies_and_Statistics/PH717-Module1B-DescriptiveStudies_and_Statistics9.htmlMODULE 2Q1Frequency distributions can be graphed with bar charts, histograms or polygons. Choose one variable from the “Health Behavior Data Set” and discuss which type of graph is appropriate and why. Refer to section 2.3 in the Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences textbook as needed for assistance.Q2The mean, median, and mode are measures of central tendency. Explain why these measures are crucial to public health data analysis.STUDY MATERIALSRead Chapters 2, 3, and 5 (section 5.1) in Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences. URL:http://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/macmillan-learning/2016/using-and-interpreting-statistics_a-practical-text-for-the-behavioral-social-and-health-sciences_ebook_3e.phpRead “Data Collection for Program Evaluation,” located on the Northwest Center for Public Health Practice website (2019). URL: https://www.nwcphp.org/docs/data_collection/data_collection_toolkit.pdfRead “Statistical Methods Used in the Public Health Literature and Implications for Training of Public Health Professionals,” by Hayat, Powell, Johnson, and Cadwell, from PLoS One (2017). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5462407/View the following tutorials from the SPSS Tutorials media.1. Frequency Tables and Histograms2. Descriptive StatisticsURL:https://www.gcumedia.com/lms-resources/student-success-center/v3.1/#/media-element/CHSS;CONHCP/1DF486B2-8C58-E811-B595-005056BDD6DEView the following terms in The Visual Learner: Statistics media.1. Confounding2. HistogramView the following calculations in The Visual Learner: Statistics media.1. Frequency Distribution2. Measure of Center “Mean”3. Measure of Center “Median”4. Measure of Center “Mode”5. Range and Standard Deviation6. VarianceURL: http://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/the-visual-learner/the-visual-learner-v2.1.htmlYou will use Microsoft Excel for your assignment, and you will need to enable to Data Analysis ToolPak add-in. The “Enabling Data Analysis ToolPak” guide located on the GCU Technical Support website, contains instructions for the add-in for both PC and Mac.URL: https://support.gcu.edu/hc/en-us/articles/360039768454-Excel-Add-insYou will use Microsoft Excel for your assignment, and you will need to enable to Data Analysis ToolPak add-in. The “Enabling Data Analysis ToolPak” guide located on the GCU Technical Support website, contains instructions for the add-in for both PC and Mac. URL: https://support.gcu.edu/hc/en-us/articles/360039768454-Excel-Add-insView “The Beginner’s Guide to Excel – Excel Basics Tutorial,” by Technology for Teachers and Students (2017), located on the YouTube website. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rwbho0CgEAE&feature=youtu.beMODULE 3Q1Summarize the six steps of hypothesis testing. Propose a scenario in which hypothesis testing is applied to public health data.Q2Compare and contrast descriptive and inferential statistics. Discuss why both descriptive and inferential statistics are used in the analysis of public health data.STUDY MATERIALSRead Chapters 6 in Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences.URL:http://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/macmillan-learning/2016/using-and-interpreting-statistics_a-practical-text-for-the-behavioral-social-and-health-sciences_ebook_3e.php.Read “Significance,” by Frey, from The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation (2018).URL: https://methods.sagepub.com/reference/the-sage-encyclopedia-of-educational-research-measurement-and-evaluation/i18904.xmlRead “Chapter 12 Descriptive Statistics,” by McGregor, from Understanding and Evaluating Research: A Critical Guide (2018).URL: https://methods-sagepub-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/book/understanding-and-evaluating-research/i2843.xmlView “Statistical Significance, the Null Hypothesis and P-Values Defined and Explained in One Minute,” by One Minute Economics (2018), located on the YouTube website.URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nb75_GFPD9A&feature=youtu.beView “SPSS for Beginners 1: Introduction,” by Research Design (2011), located on the YouTube website.URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADDR3_Ng5CA&feature=youtu.beView the following tutorials from the SPSS Tutorials media.1. Frequency Tables and Histograms2. Descriptive StatisticsURL: https://www.gcumedia.com/lms-resources/student-success-center/v3.1/#/media-element/CHSS;CONHCP/1DF486B2-8C58-E811-B595-005056BDD6DESPSS Statistics will be used to complete some of the case study assignments for this course. Refer to “Using Citrix Workspace” in the GCU Technical Support Help Center for assistance with installing the Citrix Workspace App and preparing for SPSS files.URL: https://support.gcu.edu/hc/en-us/articles/201144000-Using-Citrix-WorkspaceAfter Citrix has been installed on your computer, you may access SPSS Statistics at https://myapps.gcu.edu.View “Introduction to SPSS,” by GCU Academics – Nursing (2020). Use this resource to assist you in completing the topic assignment.URL: https://www.gcumedia.com/lms-resources/student-success-center/v3.1/#/media-element/CONHCP/62DF3BAF-5A03-EB11-9111-005056BDE9D6MODULE 4Q1Correlation is a common statistic to measure a general linear relationship between two variables. Explain why correlation does not equal causation.Q2Explain the differences between parametric and nonparametric tests. How do you determine if a parametric or nonparametric test should be used when analyzing data?STUDY MATERIALSRead Chapters 13 and 15in Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences.URL: http://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/macmillan-learning/2016/using-and-interpreting-statistics_a-practical-text-for-the-behavioral-social-and-health-sciences_ebook_3e.phpRead “Correlation of Sleep Quality With Physical Activity and Memory Among Young Adults,” by Dubey, Tiwari, and Siddiqui, from Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy (2019).URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=135203343&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s8333196&groupid=main&profile=ehostRead “The Role of Community-Wide Wearing of Face Mask for Control of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic Due to SARS-CoV-2,” by Cheng et al., from Journal of Infection (2020).URL: https://www-sciencedirect-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S0163445320302358?via%3DihubExplore the “Adolescent and School Health” page located on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website.URL: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/Utilize topics from the Loom Help Center website for assistance on installing Loom software and software usage.URL: https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/opentest-inc/2018/loom_1e.phpView “Conducting a Pearson Correlation and Chi-Square Test in SPSS,” by GCU Academics – Nursing (2020). Use this resource to assist you in completing the topic assignment.URL: https://www.gcumedia.com/lms-resources/student-success-center/?mediaElement=210EADEC-5A03-EB11-9111-005056BDE9D6MODULE 5Q1Compare the various types of ANOVA by discussing when each is most appropriate for use. Include specific examples to illustrate the appropriate use of each test and how interaction is assessed using ANOVA.Q2When analyzing public health data, describe the steps you would take to determine what statistical test to conduct. Discuss the impact of data type on test selection.STUDY MATERIALSRead Chapters 7-12 in Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences.URL:http://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/macmillan-learning/2016/using-and-interpreting-statistics_a-practical-text-for-the-behavioral-social-and-health-sciences_ebook_3e.phpView the following tutorials from the SPSS Tutorials media.1. One-Sample t-Test2. Matched Pairs t-Test3. Independent Samples t-Test4. One-Way ANOVA5. Two-Way ANOVA-Between GroupsURL:https://www.gcumedia.com/lms-resources/student-success-center/v3.1/#/media-element/CHSS;CONHCP/1DF486B2-8C58-E811-B595-005056BDD6DEView the following calculations in The Visual Learner: Statistics media.1. Introduction to t-test2. One Sample t-Test3. Two Sample t-Test4. One Way ANOVA5. Effect Size One Way ANOVA6. Two Way ANOVA7. Effect Size Two Way ANOVAURL: http://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/the-visual-learner/the-visual-learner-v2.1.htmlRead “Changing the Face of Health Education via Health Interventions: Social Ecological Perspectives on New Media Technologies and Elementary Nutrition Education,” by Bissell, Baker, Pember, Zhang, and Yang, from Health Communication (2019).URL: https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/10410236.2018.1507659Read “Can a Community-Led Intervention Offering Social Support and Health Education Improve Maternal Health? A Repeated Measures Evaluation of the PACT Project Run in a Socially Deprived London Borough,” from Brown, Luderowski, Namusisi-Riley, Moore-Shelley, and Bolton, from International Journal of Environmental and Public Health (2020).URL: https://search-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/docview/2393647115?accountid=7374Read “Choosing the Correct Statistical Test in SAS, STATA, SPSS and R,” by Leeper, from Choosing the Right Statistic, located on the UCLA Institute for Digital Research and Education Statistical Consulting website.URL: https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/other/mult-pkg/whatstat/Read “Variables Associated With Job Satisfaction Among Mental Health Professionals,” by Fleur, Grenier, Bamvita, and Farand, from PLoS ONE (2018).URL: https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/docview/2122532147?accountid=7374Examine the general information about the “Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System” survey, located on the Adolescent and School Health (2018) page of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.URL: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyYouth/data/yrbs/index.htmReview the documentation and questionnaires provided in “YRBSS Data and Documentation” (2018), located on the National YRBS Datasets and Documentation page on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.URL: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/data.htmRead “2015 YRBS Data User’s Guide” (2016), located on the Adolescent and School Health page of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.URL: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/pdf/2015/2015_yrbs-data-users_guide_smy_combined.pdfRead the “2015 State and Local Youth Risk Behavior Survey” (YRBS), located on the Adolescent and School Health page of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.URL: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/questionnaires.htmUtilize topics from the Loom Help Center website for assistance on installing Loom software and software usage.URL: https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/opentest-inc/2018/loom_1e.phpView “Conducting a t-Test and ANOVA in SPSS,” by GCU Academics – Nursing (2020). Use this resource to assist you in completing the topic assignment.URL: https://www.gcumedia.com/lms-resources/student-success-center/?mediaElement=6616F929-5B03-EB11-9111-005056BDE9D6MODULE 6Q1Given the limited amount of statistical calculations required by some public health positions, explain why it is important for you to know how to utilize appropriate software to analyze public health data. Support your ideas with reasons, facts, and examples.Q2Discuss three strengths of the linear regression? Identify a peer-reviewed study that uses linear regression in its analysis. Explain why linear regression was used and discuss one challenge in interpreting the results. Include the permalink with your citation.STUDY MATERIALSRead Chapter 14 and 16 in Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences.URL: http://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/macmillan-learning/2016/using-and-interpreting-statistics_a-practical-text-for-the-behavioral-social-and-health-sciences_ebook_3e.phpView the Linear Correlation tutorial in the SPSS Tutorials media.URL: https://www.gcumedia.com/lms-resources/student-success-center/v3.1/#/media-element/CHSS;CONHCP/1DF486B2-8C58-E811-B595-005056BDD6DEView the calculations for “Linear Regression” in The Visual Learner: Statistics media.URL: http://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/the-visual-learner/the-visual-learner-v2.1.htmlRead “How to Control Confounding Effects by Statistical Analysis,” by Pourhoseingholi, Baghestani, and Vahedi, from Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench (2012).URL: https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.lopes.idm.oclc.org/pmc/articles/PMC4017459/Read “Variables Associated With Job Satisfaction Among Mental Health Professionals,” by Fleury, Grenier, Bamvita and Farand, from PLoS ONE (2018).URL: https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/docview/2122532147?accountid=7374MODULE 7Q1Describe three methods for qualitative data collection and discuss an example of when each method would be used.Q2Describe the process of coding qualitative data. Identify the distinguishing factors between inductive and deductive coding.STUDY MATERIALSRead “Comparison Between Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research,” in Chapter 6 and read Chapter 8 in GCU Doctoral Research: Quantitative and Qualitative Research Concepts.This textbook references an assigned dissertation. You are not required to complete a dissertation for this course.URL: http://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2015/gcu-doctoral-research_quantitative-and-qualitative-research-concepts_ebook_1e.phpRead “A Review of Qualitative Data Analysis Practices in Health Education and Health Behavior Research,” by Raskind et al., from Health Education and Behavior (2019), available as authors manuscript from PubMed Central (PMC), located on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6386595/pdf/nihms-990092.pdf.Review “Quantitative and Qualitative Methods for Public Health,” from PH717 Module 1B – Descriptive Tools: Descriptive Epidemiology and Descriptive Statistics, located on the Boston University Medical Campus, School of Public Health website (2019).URL: https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/PH717-QuantCore/PH717-Module1B-DescriptiveStudies_and_Statistics/PH717-Module1B-DescriptiveStudies_and_Statistics9.htmlRead “Lessons Learned in Promoting Evidence-Based Public Health: Perspectives From Managers in State Public Health Departments,” by Allen et al., from Journal of Community Health (2018).URL: https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/docview/2009849333?accountid=7374Read “Section 15: Qualitative Methods to Assess Community Issues,” from “Chapter 3: Assessing Community Needs and Resources,” of the Community Assessment toolkit, located on the Community Tool Box website.URL: https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-needs-andRead “Focus Groups Inform a Mobile Health Intervention to Promote Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Engagement in Physical Activity Among People Living With HIV,” by Henry, Quintana, Moore, Garcia, and Montoya, from BMC Public Health (2019).URL: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-018-6386-5MODULE 8Q1Refer back to your response to Topic 1 DQ 1: “Statistics is an important component of public health. Explain the relevance of statistics in the planning, implementation and evaluation of a health promotion intervention. How do you envision using statistics in your current or future career?” After completing the course, how has your vision changed regarding the role statistics will have in your current or future career?Q2Discuss an ethical challenge you might face as a researcher when collecting and analyzing data from human subjects. What is an IRB and why is it necessary?STUDY MATERIALSReview Chapter 16 in Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences.URL:http://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/macmillan-learning/2016/using-and-interpreting-statistics_a-practical-text-for-the-behavioral-social-and-health-sciences_ebook_3e.phpView “Talk Nerdy to Me,” by Marshall (2012), located on the TED website.URL: https://www.ted.com/talks/melissa_marshall_talk_nerdy_to_meRead “Conducting High-Value Secondary Dataset Analysis: An Introductory Guide and Resources,” by Smith et al., from Journal of General Internal Medicine (2011).URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3138974/Read “Successful Scientific Writing and Publishing: A Step-by-Step Approach,” By Iskander, Wolicki, Leeb, and Siegel, from Tools and Techniques (2018), located on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.URL: https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2018/18_0085.htmRead “The Belmont Report,” by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (1979), located on the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) website.URL: https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/sites/default/files/the-belmont-report-508c_FINAL.pdfRead “IRB FAQs” on the IRB Institutional Review Board, located on the Grand Canyon University website.URL: https://cirt.gcu.edu/irb_documents/irbstudentresearchersfaqsdocx
