1. Bioterrorism/Disaster

1. Bioterrorism/Disaster

Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal: By Florence Banks, January 26, 2020

Planning and Topic

Directions: Develop an educational series proposal for your community using one of the following four topics:

1. Bioterrorism/Disaster

2. Environmental Issues

3. Primary Prevention/Health Promotion

4. Secondary Prevention/Screenings for a Vulnerable Population

Planning Before Teaching:

Name and Credentials of Teacher: Dr. Kimberly Sharks. PHD in Clinical Medicine.

Estimated Time Teaching Will Last: Approximately one-hour teaching.

Location of Teaching: Urban Public Hall (The People’s Center)

Supplies, Material, Equipment Needed: Laptop, projector, chalk, pens and paper.

Estimated Cost: Laptop is already owned by the teacher, the projector will be gotten from the local authority in place, Additional materials collectively cost around $70-$100.

Community and Target Aggregate: Women and Men.

Topic: Secondary Prevention/ screening for a vulnerable population.

Identification of Focus for Community Teaching (Topic Selection): Early Detection of Cancer.

Epidemiological Rationale for Topic (Statistics Related to Topic):

Cervical Cancer

· Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth in women cancers.

· In 2018, approximately 570.000 new cases of cervical cancer were reported.

· Cervical cancer represents 6.6% of all cancers in women.

· 90% of cervical cancer death occur in low- and middle-income countries.

· 18.1 million new cervical cancer incidences have been reported worldwide. 75% of cervical cancers are preventable by cervical screening.

· Despite cervical cancer being entirely preventable, about 266,00 women die from cervical cancer worldwide in every year.

Breast cancer

· 11.6% of all new cancer cases by 2019 were breast cancer which translates to about 2.089 million people.

· 6.6% of all cancer deaths in 2019 were from breast cancer which translates to 627 000 people.

· By 2012 there was approximately one man for every 100 women with breast cancer.

· Breast cancer has been found to be the leading cause of cancer related death in women.

· In this year alone, it is approximated that 232,670 new cases of breast cancer will be diagnosed in women.

· 1 in 8 women who live to a mature age of 70 years will develop breast cancer in their lifetime.

· Breast cancer accounts for about 30% of cancers in women.

· About 85% of breast cancer diagnoses occur in women with no family history of breast cancer.

· Breast cancer has been declining since 1989 because of early detection and improved treatment.

· Physically active women are 25% less likely to develop breast cancer than those who are inactive.

· More than 28 million people who live in the United States are breast cancer survivors. Breast cancer education and screening can save up to 37 lives every day according to WHO.

Prostate Cancer

· 7.1% of all new cancer cases by 2019 were prostate cancer which translates to 1.3 million people.

· Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men.

· It is approximated that this year alone, about 174, 650 men in the US will be diagnosed with prostate cancer.

· About 60% of all prostate cancer cases are diagnosed in men over 65 years with an average age of diagnosis being at 65 years.

· By 2019, the estimated deaths from prostate cancer was 29,430 and a man would die from the disease every 18 minutes.

· The death rate of men from prostate cancer has been declining steadily since 2001 due to improved testing and better treatment options.

· One in every 5 men will develop prostate cancer before they turn 85.

· The survival rate for prostate cancer has increased from 66% in the mid 1970’s to 98.6% today.

Teaching Plan Criteria

Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for progression of manageable cancers such as the prostate, cervical and breast cancer into unmanageable stages due to lack of early diagnosis and medical care. This is evident in the number of people still dying from the manageable cancers and the late stage at which most patients are diagnosed.

Readiness for Learning: The Learners:

· Ask questions about the different forms of cancer and related issues.

· Actively engage in the discussion on cancer.

· Have a family history of cancer.

· Have been treated of one or more forms of cancer before.

· Have attended screening for cancer before.

· Recognize the importance of early screening in the fight against cancer.

Learning Theory to Be Utilized: According to the World Health Organization, cancer is largely preventable. Early detection if cancer in their early progression stages can be treated and also cured. Cancer progression can also be slowed even in the late stages and the patients together with their families helped to cope with the illness. The world health organization has established that cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. It is responsible for the death of some 7.6 million people in 2017. Most of cancer deaths occur in middle- and low-income countries which lack the necessary resources for prevention, detection and treatment of cancer. The WHO recommends taking advantage of the available wealth of knowledge to implement four components in controlling cancer that include: prevention, early detection, diagnosis and treatment and palliative care to avoid and cure many cancers. There is a high potential for a cure at an early stage of the disease, for example, cervical and breast cancer. Available interventions enable early detection and successful treatment of about one third of the cases. Two strategies are in place to detect early cancerous tissue including early diagnosis which involves a patient’s early awareness of their signs and symptoms and consult a medical professional leading to diagnosis and treatment. The other is national or regional screening. This involves asymptomatic health individuals and detects pre-cancerous lesions and early cancer stages. The patient is then referred for diagnosis and treatment.

Goal: Reduce the number of people with prolonged cancer under palliative care through early detection and treatment.

(1) 40 million people are in need of palliative care every year.

· Increase the number of people going for cancer screening for early cancer detection.

(2) Early detection is able to reduce incidences of cancer up to one third.

· Reduce the deaths from cancer.

(3) Almost 10 Million people die from cancer annually.

How Does This HP2020 Objective Relate to Alma Ata’s Health for All Global Initiatives

The healthy people 2020 objectives are similar to the Alma Ata’s Global Initiatives particularly prevention and control of endemic diseases. The global initiative of the Alma Ata is to eliminate worldwide disparities in health. Healthy people 2020 recognizes that cancer is progression is directly affected by social and economic factors.

Develop Behavioral Objectives (Including Domains), Content, and Strategies/Methods:

Behavioral Objective and Domain

Content

Strategies/Methods

1. One person will state the importance of early cancer detection

1. List the importance of early detection of breast, cervical and prostate cancer.

1. An interactive session before the explanation by asking the audience what they think might be the importance of early detection.

2. One person will provide the effects of failing to detect cancer early.

2. Cover the what it means if cancer is detected early versus late stage

2. Offer the audience a moment to brainstorm after the explanation and internalize how much the effects are.

Creativity:

(1) The theory of early detection was explained using an animation.

(2) Use of videos allowed the audience to internalize the concepts.

(3) Use of real-life stories enabled the audience to relate the teaching to real life experiences.

Planned Evaluation of Objectives (Outcome Evaluation):

1. Questionnaire: was the presentation useful?

2. Did the presentation change your perception of cancer?

3. Pre-test and post-test: identify the knowledge that the audience had on cancer prior to the lesson and after the presentation.

Planned Evaluation of Goal:

· I will ask the nearby screening centers if the number of people coming for cancer screening has increased.

· I will also find the statistics of how many people have been diagnosed with cancer in that region for that year and compare it to previous years.

Planned Evaluation of Lesson and Teacher (Process Evaluation):

I will evaluate the presentation and the instructor anonymously by filling out forms having questions such as:

· Was the presentation effective?

· How would you rate the instructor’s knowledge of the information presented?

· Did you get what you were expecting from the presentation?

Barriers: Language barrier due to different education levels. I would use common simple terms as well as translate the technical terms so as to be understood.

Therapeutic Communication

4.2 Communicate therapeutically with patients.

· I will begin the presentation by showing a video of how deadly cancer can get and the effects of those cancers on the patients and the families.

· To exhibit active listening, I will ask the audience questions and involve them in two partner discussions on what they think about a subject matter.

· In tailoring my presentation, I fixed some questions to ask the audience for discussion as well as direct answering.

· To conclude my presentation, I will summarize the contents of the presentation and throw a ball to the audience as a literal sign that the ball is in their hands to go out and get screened for cancer.

· I would use objects that communicate such as the ball, and frequently move from the stage to the audience side so as to blend in with the audience.

References

Donepudi, M. S., Kondapalli, K., Amos, S. J., & Venkanteshan, P. (2014). Breast cancer statistics. Journal of cancer research and therapeutics. 506-544.

Jemal, A., Bray, F., Center, M. M., Ferlay, J., Ward, E., & Forman, D. (2013). Global cancer statistics. The cancer journal for clinicians. 65-102.

McGuire, S. (2019). World cancer report. World Health Organization. WHO press (2015).

Mettlin, C. (2019). Global breast cancer mortality statistics. The cancer journal for clinicians. 120-152.

The World Health Organization. (2017). Cancer Control: Early Detection. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK195407/

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